CHEMISTRY Class XI Chapter : Organic Chemistry Some Basic Principle and Techniques Free Notes
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| CHEMISTRY Class XI Chapter : Organic Chemistry Some Basic Principle and Techniques |
How are organic compounds classified?
(i) Acyclic or open chain compounds
(ii) Alicyclic or closed chain or ring compounds.
(iii) Aromatic compounds.
What is a functional group?
It may be defined as an atom or group of atoms joined in a specific manner which is responsible for the characteristic chemical properties of the organic compounds. eg: hydroxyl group (- OH) aldehyde group (- CHO) carboxylic acid group (-COOH) etc.
Define homologous series?
A group or a series of organic compounds each containing a characteristic functional group forms a homologous series and the members of the series are called homologous.
Derive the structure of 3 – Nitrocyclohexene.
Six membered ring containing a carbon – carbon double bond is implied by cyclohexene, which is numbered. The prefix 3 – nitro means that a nitro group is parent on C – 3. Thus complete structured formula of the compound is derived. Double bond is suffixed functional group whereas NO2 is prefixed functional group; therefore double bond gets preference over – NO2 group:
What is the cause of geometrical isomerism in alkenes?
Alkene have a Ï€ – bond and the restricted rotation around the Ï€ – bond gives rise to geometrical isomerism.
Define heterolytic cleavage.
In heterolytic cleavage the bond breaks in such a fashion that the shared pair of electrons remains with one of the fragments.
Define carbocation.
A species having a carbon atom possessing sextet of electrons and a positive charge is called carbocation.
What are the nucleophiles?
The electron rich species are called mucleopiles. A nucleophile has affection for a positively charge centre. eg OH- , I- , CN- , : NH3, NO2 -
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